I tēnei wā, he maha ngā momo hiri rapa kotahi-wāhanga e kitea ana i te mākete, ko te nuinga he hiri silicone me te polyurethane. He rerekē ngā rōpū mahi hohe me ngā hanganga mekameka matua kua whakamaroketia o ngā momo hiri rapa. Nō reira, he iti noa iho ngā herenga i roto i ngā wāhanga me ngā mara e tika ana. I konei, ka whakaatuhia e mātou ngā tikanga whakamaroketia o ētahi hiri rapa kotahi-wāhanga e kitea ana, me te whakataurite i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā momo hiri rapa rerekē, kia hohonu ake ai tō mātou māramatanga me te whakatau i ngā kōwhiringa tika i roto i ngā tono mahi.
1. Te tikanga whakamaroke hiri hiato kotahi-wāhanga noa
Ko ngā hiri rapa kotahi-wāhanga noa ko: te silicone (SR), te polyurethane (PU), te polyurethane whakarerekētia kua mutu-hiritia (SPU), te polyether kua mutu-hiritia (MS). He rerekē ngā rōpū mahi hohe me ngā tikanga tauhohenga whakamaroke o te prepolymer.
1.1Te tikanga whakaora o te hiri elastomer silicone
Pikitia 1. Te tikanga whakamaroke o te hiri silicone
Ina whakamahia ngā hiri silicone, ka tauhohe te prepolymer ki te iti o te makuku i te rangi, kātahi ka totoka, ka whakamomona rānei i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori. Ko ngā hua taha he matū ngota iti. Kei te whakaaturia te tikanga i te Pikitia 1. E ai ki ngā matū ngota iti rerekē i tukuna i te wā e whakamaroke ana, ka taea hoki te wehewehe i te hiri silicone ki te momo deacidification, te momo deketoxime, me te momo dealcoholization. Kei te Ripanga 1 ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ēnei momo kāpia silicone.
Ripanga 1. Te whakataurite i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ētahi momo piripiri silicone
1.2 Te tikanga whakamaroke o te hiri polyurethane elastic
Ko te hiri polyurethane kotahi-wāhanga (PU) he momo pūmua kei roto ngā wāhanga urethane e tāruarua ana (-NHCOO-) i roto i te mekameka matua o te ngota ngota. Ko te tikanga whakamaroke ko te tauhohenga o te isocyanate ki te wai hei hanga i tētahi carbamate takawaenga kāore i te pumau, ka tere te pirau hei whakaputa i te CO2 me te amine, kātahi ka tauhohe te amine ki te isocyanate nui rawa i roto i te pūnaha, ā, i te mutunga ka hanga he elastomer me te hanganga whatunga. Ko tōna tauira tauhohenga whakamaroke penei:
Pikitia 1. Te tikanga tauhohenga whakamaroke o te hiri polyurethane
1.3 Te tikanga whakamaroke o te hiri polyurethane kua whakarerekētia ki te silane
Pikitia 3. Te tikanga tauhohenga whakamaroke o te hiri polyurethane kua whakarerekētia ki te silane
I runga i ētahi ngoikoretanga o ngā hiri polyurethane, kua whakarerekētia te polyurethane e te silane hei whakarite i ngā piripiri, ka hangaia he momo piripiri hiri hou me te mekameka matua o te hanganga polyurethane me te rōpū pito alkoxysilane, e kiia nei ko te hiri polyurethane whakarerekētia e te silane (SPU). He rite te tauhohenga whakamaroke o tēnei momo hiri ki te silicone, arā, ka tauhohe ngā rōpū alkoxy ki te makuku kia pāngia e te waikura me te polycondensation hei hanga i tētahi hanganga whatunga toru-ahu Si-O-Si pumau (Pikitia 3). Ko ngā pūwāhi hononga whatunga me waenganui i ngā pūwāhi hononga he hanganga wāhanga ngāwari polyurethane.
1.4 Te tikanga whakamaroke o ngā hiri polyether kua mutu ki te silyl
Ko te hiri polyether kua mutu-silyl (MS) he piripiri rapa kotahi-wāhanga e hangai ana ki te whakarerekētanga silane. Ka whakakotahi i ngā painga o te polyurethane me te silicone, he whakatupuranga hou o ngā hua hiri piripiri, kāore he PVC, he hinu silicone, he isocyanate me te whakarewa. Ka tauhohe te piripiri MS ki te makuku i te hau i te pāmahana rūma, kia waikura ai te polymer kua silanized me te hanganga -Si(OR) OR -SIR (OR)- i te pito mekameka ka honoa ki roto i te elastomer me te hanganga whatunga Si-O-Si hei whakatutuki i te pānga hiri me te here. Ko te tukanga tauhohenga whakamaroke penei:
Pikitia 4. Te tikanga whakaora o te hiri polyether kua mutu ki te silyl
2. Te whakataurite i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā hiri rapa kotahi-wāhanga noa
2.1 Ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā hiri silicone
⑴Ngā painga o te hiri silicone:
① He ātete pai ki te huarere, ki te hāora, ki te ozone me te ultraviolet; ② He ngāwari pai ki te pāmahana iti.
⑵Ngā ngoikoretanga o te hiri silicone:
①Kāore i te pai te whakapaipai anō, ā, kāore e taea te peita; ②He iti te kaha haehae; ③Kāore i te rawaka te ātete hinu; ④Kāore e ātete ki te poka; ⑤Ka ngāwari te whakaputa e te paparanga piri he wai para hinuhinu e poke ana i te raima, te kōhatu me ētahi atu papa koretake.
2.2 Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o ngā Hiri Polyurethane
⑴Ngā painga o te hiri polyurethane:
① He pai te piri ki ngā momo papa; ② He tino ngāwari ki te pāmahana iti; ③ He pai te ngāwari me ngā āhuatanga whakaora pai rawa atu, he pai mō ngā hononga hihiri; ④ He kaha miihini teitei, he ātete kakahu pai rawa atu, he ātete hinu me te ātete koroheketanga koiora; ⑤ Ko te nuinga o ngā hiri polyurethane kotahi-wāhanga e whakaora ana i te makuku kāore he whakarewa, ā, kāore he poke ki te papa me te taiao; ⑥ Ka taea te peita i te mata o te hiri, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi.
⑵Ngā ngoikoretanga o te hiri polyurethane:
① Ina whakamarokehia i roto i te taiao pāmahana teitei me te haumākū teitei i te tere tere, ka ngawari te puta o ngā mirumiru, ka pā ki te mahi a te hiri; ② Ina herea me te hiri i ngā wāhanga o ngā papa kore-porous (pērā i te karāhe, te konganuku, me ētahi atu), me whakamahi i te paninga tuatahi; ③ Papaku He ngawari te tae ki te koroheketanga UV, ā, he nui te pānga o te pumau rokiroki o te kāpia e te takai me ngā āhuatanga o waho; ④ Kāore i te rawaka te ātete wera me te ātete koroheketanga.
2.3 Ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā hiri polyurethane kua whakarerekētia ki te silane
⑴Ngā painga o te hiri polyurethane kua whakarerekētia te silane:
① Kāore e puta he mirumiru i te wā e whakamarokehia ana; ② He pai te ngāwari, te ātete ki te waikura me te pumau o te ātete matū; ③ He tino ātete ki te huarere, te ātete ki te wera, te ātete ki te koroheketanga, te pumau o te rokiroki hua; ④ He whānui te urutau ki ngā papa, ina piri. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e hiahiatia he paninga tuatahi; ⑤ Ka taea te peita i te mata.
⑵Ngā ngoikoretanga o te hiri polyurethane kua whakarerekētia te silane:
① Kāore te ātete UV i te rite ki te pai o te hiri silicone; ② He iti ake te kino o te ātete haehae i te hiri polyurethane.
2.4 Ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā hiri polyether kua whakawhāitihia ki te silyl
⑴Ngā painga o te hiri polyether kua oti te whakakī ki te silyl:
① He tino pai ōna āhuatanga piri ki te nuinga o ngā papa, ā, ka taea te hono kore-pani; ② He pai ake tōna ātete ki te wera me te UV i te polyurethane noa; ③ Ka taea te peita i tōna mata.
⑵Ngā ngoikoretanga o te hiri polyether kua oti te whakakī ki te silyl:
① Kāore te ātete huarere i te rite te pai ki te silicone silicone, ā, ka puta ngā kapiti ki te mata i muri i te koroheketanga; ② Kāore te piri ki te karāhe i te pai.
Mā te whakataki i runga ake nei, kua mārama tātou ki ngā tikanga whakamaroke o ētahi momo hiri rapa kotahi-wāhanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, mā te whakataurite i ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga, ka taea e tātou te whakatutuki i te māramatanga whānui mō ia hua. I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te hiri kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga tono tuturu o te wāhanga here kia pai ai te hiri, te here rānei o te wāhanga tono.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 15-2023