1. Tirohanga whānui o te karāhe ārai
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Ko te karāhe ārai he momo karāhe penapena hiko kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā whare tari arumoni, ngā toa hokohoko nui, ngā whare noho teitei me ētahi atu whare. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga ārai wera me te ārai oro, ā, he ataahua, he whai hua hoki. Ko te karāhe ārai he mea hanga mai i ngā wahi karāhe e rua (neke atu rānei) kua herea ki ngā āputa. E rua ngā momo hiri matua: ko te tikanga rīpene me te tikanga here piri. I tēnei wā, ko te hiri takirua i roto i te tikanga here piri te hanganga hiri e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te hanganga e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1: e rua ngā wahi karāhe kua wehea e ngā āputa, ā, e whakamahia ana te hiri butyl hei hiri i te āputa me te karāhe i mua.Whakakīia te roto o te mokowā ki te tatari ngota, ka hiritia te āputa i waenganui i te taha o te karāhe me te taha o waho o te mokowā ki te hiri tuarua.
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Ko te mahi a te hiri tuatahi he ārai i te kohu wai, i te hau kore mahi rānei, mai i te tomo me te puta i te kōhao. Ko te hiri butyl te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā te mea he tino iti te tere tuku kohu wai me te tere tuku hau kore mahi o te hiri butyl. Heoi, he iti te kaha o te here o te hiri butyl, ā, he iti hoki te ngāwari, nō reira me whakau te hanganga whānui ki tētahi hiri tuarua hei hono i ngā pereti karāhe me ngā āputa. Ina kei raro i te kawenga te karāhe ārai, ka taea e tētahi paparanga hiri te pupuri i te pānga hiri pai. I taua wā anō, kāore te hanganga whānui e pāngia.
Pikitia 1
2. Ngā momo hiri tuarua mō te whakamātao i te karāhe
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E toru ngā momo hiri tuarua matua mō te whakamahana i te karāhe: te polysulfide, te polyurethane me te silicone. Kei te Ripanga 1 ētahi āhuatanga o ngā momo hiri e toru i muri i te whakamaroketanga katoa.
Ripanga 1 Whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga mahi o ngā momo hiri tuarua e toru mō te whakamātao karāhe
Ko te painga o te hiri polysulfide he iti te mamaoa wai me te tuku hau argon i te pāmahana rūma; ko tōna ngoikoretanga he tere te mimiti wai.
Ka tino heke te tere whakaora o te modulus me te elasticity i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ā, he tino nui hoki te whakawhiti o te mamaoa wai ina teitei te pāmahana. Hei tāpiri, nā te ngoikore o te ātete ki te koroheketanga UV, ka puta te tango kapia korepiri i te wā roa o te hihi UV.
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Ko te painga o te hiri polyurethane he iti te tukunga o te mamaoa wai me te hau argon, ā, he iti hoki te tukunga o te mamaoa wai ina teitei te pāmahana; ko tōna ngoikoretanga he iti te ātete ki te koroheketanga UV.
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Ko te hiri silicone e pā ana ki tētahi hiri me te polysiloxane hei rauemi mata matua, e kiia ana hoki ko te hiri silicone pūnaha whakaputa ahuwhenua. Ko te mekameka polymer o te hiri silicone he mea hanga nui mai i te Si-O-Si, e honoa ana hei hanga i tētahi hanganga angaanga Si-O-Si rite ki te whatunga i te wā e whakamaroke ana. He tino teitei te pūngao here Si—O (444KJ/mol), ehara i te mea he nui ake i ētahi atu pūngao here polymer, engari he nui ake hoki i te pūngao ultraviolet (399KJ/mol). Mā te hanganga ngota o te hiri silicone ka taea e te hiri silicone te ātete pai ki te pāmahana teitei me te iti, te ātete ki te huarere me te ātete ki te koroheketanga UV, me te iti hoki o te mimiti wai. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te hiri silicone ina whakamahia ana ki te karaihe whakamātao ko te nui o te uruhanga hau.
3. Te whiriwhiri tika i te hiri tuarua mō te karāhe whakamātao
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Ki te roa te wā e pāngia ana te mata piri o te kāpia polysulfide, te kāpia polyurethane me te karāhe e te rā, ka puta te tango kapia, ka taka te wāhanga o waho o te karāhe whakamahana o te pakitara ārai karāhe anga huna, ka rahua rānei te hiri o te karāhe whakamahana o te pakitara ārai karāhe tautoko-ira.Nō reira, me whakamahi te hiri hanganga silicone mō te hiri tuarua mō te whakamahana i te karāhe o ngā pakitara ārai anga huna me ngā pakitara ārai anga huna-haurua, ā, me tatau te rahi o te atanga kia rite ki te JGJ102 "Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau mō te Hangarau Pakitara Ārai Karāhe";
Me whakamahi te hiri hanganga silicone mō te hiri tuarua mō te whakamātao i te karāhe o ngā pakitara ārai karāhe tautoko-ira; me whakamahi te hiri hanganga silicone mō te hiri tuarua o te karāhe whakamātao mō ngā pakitara ārai anga tuwhera rahi nui.Ko te hiri tuarua mō te karāhe whakamahana mō ngā tatau, ngā matapihi me ngā pakitara ārai anga tuwhera noa ka taea te hiri karāhe whakamahana silicone, te hiri polysulfide, te hiri polyurethane rānei.
I runga i ngā kōrero o runga ake nei, me whiriwhiri e ngā kaiwhakamahi te hua hiri tuarua e tika ana mō te karāhe ārai i runga i te whakamahinga motuhake o te karāhe ārai. I runga i te whakaaro he tika te kounga o te hiri, mena ka tīpakohia, ka whakamahia tika, ka taea te whakaputa karāhe ārai me te roa o te ora e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga. Engari ki te kore e tīpakohia, e whakamahia hētia, ahakoa te hiri pai rawa atu ka taea te whakaputa karāhe ārai he kounga iti iho i te paerewa.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te hiri tuarua, inā koa te hiri hanganga silicone, me whakaaro anō hoki tātou me tutuki te hiri silicone i ngā whakaritenga mahi o te karāhe whakamātao, te hototahi ki te hiri butyl hiri tuatahi, me te mahi a te hiri silicone me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā paerewa e tika ana. I taua wā anō, ko te pumau o te kounga o ngā hua hiri silicone, te rongonui o ngā kaihanga hiri silicone, me ngā āheinga ratonga hangarau me ngā taumata o te kaihanga i roto i te tukanga katoa o mua-hoko, hoko, me muri-hoko he mea nui anō hoki hei whakaaro mā ngā kaiwhakamahi.
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He iti noa te wāhanga o te utu hanga karāhe ārai katoa e whakamahia ana mō te hiri karāhe ārai, engari he nui tōna pānga ki te kounga me te roa o te mahi o te karāhe ārai. He hononga tika tonu te hiri hanganga karāhe ārai ki ngā take haumaru o te pakitara ārai. I tēnei wā, i te mea ka kaha haere te whakataetae i roto i te mākete hiri, kāore ētahi kaihanga hiri e mangere ki te tuku i te mahi me te kounga o te hua i te wā e whakaiti ana i ngā utu kia riro ai i ngā kaihoko i ngā utu iti. He maha ngā hua hiri karāhe ārai kounga iti me te utu iti kua puta ki te mākete. Ki te kore e pai te whiriwhiri a te kaiwhakamahi, hei penapena i te utu iti o te hiri, ka pā mai pea he tūponotanga haumaru, ka arahi rānei ki ngā aituā kounga, ka nui ai ngā mate.
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E akiaki ana a Siway i a koe kia whiriwhiri i te hua tika me te hua pai; i te wa ano, ka whakaatu atu matou ki a koe nga momo tūponotanga e puta mai ana i te whakamahi i te hiri tuarua karāhe kounga iti me te whakamahinga hē a muri ake nei.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-13-2023